Daily endurance training equivalent to 600 kcal/day and unchanged habitual diet

Daily endurance training equivalent to 600 kcal/day, and increased diet by 600 kcal/day.

Energy-reduced diet by 600 kcal/day, and unchanged sedentary lifestyle

Unchanged sedentary lifestyle and diet

Participants were randomly assigned to a 12-week intervention in one of four groups: Training (T), energy-reduced Diet (D), Training and increased- Diet (T-iD) or Control (C). The interventions consisted of: T: increased physical activity through daily endurance training equivalent to 600 kcal/day, unchanged diet; D: sedentary lifestyle, reduced diet by 600 kcal/day primarily through reducing serving sizes and substituting energy dense with less energy dense nutrients; T-iD: increased physical activity through daily endurance training equivalent to 600 kcal/day, increased diet by 600 kcal/day primarily through increasing serving sizes and consuming energy dense nutrients; C: sedentary lifestyle and unchanged diet.

Before and after the 12 week interventions a 1-step, 120 min, hyperinsulinaemic, euglycemic clamp was performed. After an initial 2mL bolus of insulin infusate, insulin was infused at 40 microU/min/kg.

Before, during and after the 12-week interventions changes in: Body mass, Lean body mass, Fat mass, Abdominal fat mass, and Viceral and subcutaneous fat were assesed by DEXA and MRI scans.