Food structure influence metabolic response including appetite. Whole grain foods include a wide range of products; cracked or cut kernels, rolled flakes or milled to flour and used in foods such as breads, breakfast cereals and pasta.

The aim of the present study was to investigate if rye grain structure influence perceived appetite. A comparison of whole rye kernels and milled rye kernels were done in two study parts. In the first part the rye was served as porridge breakfasts and in the second one milled and whole kernels were included into bread breakfasts. In order to observe potential effects that would arise when the remains of the meal reaches the colon, the period of measurement was set to 8 h after intake of iso-caloric rye bread and rye porridge breakfasts.

A randomized, crossover design was used to compare the effects of iso-caloric breakfast meals on subjective appetite during 8 h after consumption.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 20 and 60 years;
• body mass index (BMI) 18-27 kg/m2;
• habit of consuming breakfast, lunch and dinner every day
• willingness to comply with the study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

• intake of medicine likely to affect appetite or food intake;
• any medical condition involving the gastrointestinal tract;
• eating disorder;
• smoking;
• consumption of more than three cups of coffee per day;
• change of body weight more than 10% three months prior to screening;
• consumption of any restricted diet such as vegan, gluten free, slimming etc.;
• pregnancy, lactation or wish to become pregnant during the study period