Randomized clinical trial comparing water therapy plus low-salt diet to water therapy alone in patients affected by idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.

Treatment duration: three months Primary end-point: correction of hypercalciuria Main inclusion criteria: calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria, with at least one stone expelled and analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry; presence of hypercalciuria (>300 mg/day in males and >200 mg/day in females); 18-65 years.

Main exclusion criteria: primary hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperoxaluria, enteric hyperoxaluria, bowel resection, inflammatory bowel disease, renal tubular acidosis, sarcoidosis, sponge kidney, hyperthyroidism, use of hypercalciuric drugs such as Vitamin D, acetazolamide, anti-epileptic drugs

Main inclusion criteria:

• idiopathic calcium stone formers, with at least one stone expelled and analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry; presence of hypercalciuria (>300 mg/day in males and 20 mg/day in females);
• 18-65 years.

Main exclusion criteria:

• primary hyperparathyroidism,
• primary hyperoxaluria,
• enteric hyperoxaluria,
• bowel resection,
• inflammatory bowel disease,
• renal tubular acidosis,
• sarcoidosis, sponge kidney,
• hyperthyroidism,
• use of hypercalciuric drugs such as Vitamin D,
• acetazolamide,
• anti-epileptic drugs