Citrate Pharmacokinetics and Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in CRRT

Citrate Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Individuals and Critically Ill Patients and the Application of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy(RCA-CRRT).

1. To compare the differences of citrate pharmacokinetics in healthy individuals and critically ill patients as well as the influential factors.
2. To validate a pharmacokinetic model which has been established in a formal paper.
3. To create a safe and effective RCA-CRRT protocol.

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy individuals, none-pregnant
• diagnosed with acute renal failure according to RIFLE criteria
• ARF with hepatic insufficiency
• ARF with MODS or sepsis
• within informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• used drugs with citrate within one week
• infused with blood,plasma or platelet or undergone plasma exchange therapy within 48 hours
• serious alkalosis with PH>7.55
• serious lactic acidosis
• not in resuscitation state