This study is to determine whether different types of resistant starch have different effects on blood glucose in healthy adults.

Each volunteer will visit the laboratory in a 10-12 hour fasted state on three occasions over a three-week period, up to two visits/wk, with at least 48 hours between visits. Volunteers will be asked to refrain from vigorous physical activity and the consumption of alcohol the day before each testing visit. Randomization using a Latin Square design was applied to minimize confounding issues associated with the order of administration.

In the morning of each test, a finger-prick capillary blood samples will be collected to determine fasting (baseline) blood glucose levels. The volunteers will then consume the test solution assigned for that trial. Ten minutes will be allowed for the test solution to be consumed. Over the two hours following the start of each test, finger-prick capillary blood samples were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Blood glucose levels will be immediately measured in duplicate using an automated blood glucose analyzer (YSI 2300, Yellow Springs, OH). Analysis of the collected sample was repeated if the difference between duplicate samples was greater than 0.1 mmol/L. Once the samples were analyzed, the data was entered and the incremental area under the curve was calculated using the trapezoidal model (GraphPad v5.0, La Jolla, CA).

Inclusion Criteria:

• apparently healthy

Exclusion Criteria:

• diagnosis of any chronic disease
• wheat allergy