Systolic function is a substantial determinant of overall hemodynamics and organ function.

Therefore assessment of left ventricular systolic function (LVF) has been of central interest in Echocardiography. Ejection fraction (EF) measurement has been the gold standard echo-derived measure to describe LVF. However, EF is a blood pool derived and therefore load dependent measure.

Global longitudinal peak systolic strain average is a new parameter derived from speckle tracking tachnique. As a primarily myocardial deformation parameter it is considered to be an equivalent to EF measurement, but maybe less load dependend. The aim of the study is to investigate the reliability of GLPSS average to quantify LVF in the perioperative setting (in cardiac and non-cardiac cases).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients in the age from 19-90 years

• Cardiac and non-cardiac surgery, where intubation is indicated

• Surgical procedures with a minimum duration of 30 min

• Elective cardiac surgery on patients scheduled for correction of:

  • coronary artery disease with and without previous myocardial infarction
  • dilated cardiomyopathy; HOCM
  • disorders of the atrial or ventricular septum
  • disorders of the aortic root or the aorta
  • left and right heart valvular disease including stenotic and/or regurgitant valvular diseases.

Exclusion Criteria:

• No patient´s consent
• Contraindications for TEE (esophageal-, gastric disorders, haematologic disorders with increased bleeding incidence; ENT-surgery, surgery of the esophageus or stomach)
• Contraindications for positioning (e.g. clinical signs of acute lung edema/acute failing left or right heart, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction in recent history = within 2 weeks prior to operation date)

Patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery