The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) antagonist, etanercept, on the early clinical course of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).

PMR is a common inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology that is characterized by aching, tender, and stiff proximal muscle. Some evidence suggests that TNF plays a central role in the pathophysiology of PMR.

The preferred treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) is adequate for most patients, but a subset of patients have a more prolonged, relapsing disease course. These patients require treatment with GCs for 1 to 2 years. GC related adverse events are frequent during treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Persons with active polymyalgia rheumatica (patients only).
• Signed informed consent and written authorization.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Other inflammatory conditions than polymyalgia rheumatica, including symptoms of giant cell arteritis, e.g. head aches, jaw claudication and visual disturbances.
• Current malignancy or history of malignancy.
• Neuromuscular conditions.
• Infections with systemic impact.
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
• Uncontrolled hypertension.
• Current tuberculosis or history of tuberculosis.
• Severe heart failure (NYHA class 3 and 4).
• Current use of glucocorticoids, biological drugs, and immunosuppressive drugs.

Exclusion Criteria (controls):

• Polymyalgia rheumatica.