Fecal Calprotectin in Breastfed vs Formula-Fed Preterm Infants and NEC

Fecal Calprotectin Level in Breastfed Versus Formula-Fed Preterm Infants as an Early Indicator of Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A One-Year Study

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate fecal calprotectin levels as an early indicator of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants and to compare levels between breastfed and formula-fed preterm infants at Assiut University Children Hospital.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease in preterm neonates associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis remains challenging. Fecal calprotectin is a non-invasive marker of intestinal inflammation that has shown potential as an early indicator of NEC.

This prospective study will include preterm neonates less than 36 weeks gestational age or with birth weight less than 1500 grams. Fecal calprotectin levels will be measured and compared between exclusively breastfed and formula-fed infants. The association of fecal calprotectin levels with the development of necrotizing enterocolitis will be assessed.

Inclusion Criteria:

• - Preterm neonates less than 36 weeks gestational age
• Or low birth weight less than 1500 grams
• Or both
• Written informed consent from parents or legal guardians

Exclusion Criteria:

• - Full-term neonates
• Neonates with average birth weight
• Preterm neonates with major congenital gastrointestinal anomalies or chromosomal abnormalities