Intermittent Bolus Doses of Phenylephrine, Norepinephrine and Ephedrine for the Management of Spinal Induced Hypotension in Preeclamptic Patients

A Comparative Study of Intermittent Bolus Doses of Phenylephrine, Norepinephrine and Ephedrine for the Management of Spinal Induced Hypotension in Preeclamptic Patients

intermittent bolus doses of phenylephrine, norepinephrine and ephedrine for the management of spinal induced hypotension in preeclamptic patients

A Comparative study of intermittent bolus doses of phenylephrine, norepinephrine and ephedrine for the management of spinal induced hypotension in preeclamptic patients

Inclusion Criteria:

• Preeclamptic pregnant female
• ASA II and III
• singleton or twin pregnancies will be scheduled for caesarean delivery
• diagnosis of preeclampsia as a new onset of hypertension and proteinuria.

Exclusion Criteria:

• chronic hypertension, labor or failed trial of labor,
• body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 ,
• resting heart rate <60 bpm, eclampsia,
• known fetal anomalies, contraindications to spinal anesthesia, abruption placentae, and cord prolapas.