NAI (Nogapendekin Alfa Inbakicept) Plus Standard of Care in Critically Ill Adults With Sepsis

Phase 1b/2, Open-Label Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Nogapendekin Alfa Inbakicept (NAI) Plus Standard of Care in Critically Ill Adults With Sepsis

This study will test whether adding an immune-stimulating drug, nogapendekin alfa inbakicept (NAI), to standard intensive care treatment is safe and potentially helpful for adults with sepsis or septic shock.

All participants will receive usual sepsis care. They will also get NAI as an injection under the skin on Day 1, and again on Days 14 and 21 if still in the hospital (and with low lymphocyte counts on Day 21). The study will first focus on safety in 10 patients, then enroll more (total 49) to see how many are alive at 28 days and 90 days, how their white blood cell counts recover, how much organ support they need, and how long they stay in the ICU and hospital.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18 years at the time of informed consent.
2. Admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock per Sepsis 3 criteria, operationalized as a SOFA increase of ≥ 2 points attributable to suspected or confirmed infection; septic shock defined as persistent vasopressor requirement to maintain MAP ≥ 65 mm Hg and serum lactate > 2 mmol/L despite adequate volume resuscitation.
3. ALC ≤ 1,000 cells/µL in two consecutive measurements separated by ≥ 12 hours within the 72 hour screening window.
4. Documented or strongly suspected infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, or mixed) with reasonable diagnostic workup initiated.
5. Receiving guideline-directed standard of care per 2026 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines, including as clinically appropriate: early empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobials, ≥ 30 mL/kg balanced crystalloid within 3 hours for hypoperfusion or shock, norepinephrine as first line vasopressor (MAP ≥ 65 mm Hg), lung-protective ventilation if mechanically ventilated, glycemic target 144-180 mg/dL, and venous thromboembolism and stress ulcer prophylaxis.
6. Able to receive the first dose of NAI within 72 hours of sepsis recognition, targeted within 12 hours of eligibility confirmation.
7. Ability to obtain written informed consent from the participant or a legally authorized representative.
8. Agreement to practice effective contraception for females of childbearing potential and nonsterile males, with details as in protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Severe hepatic failure defined as Child Pugh class C with active hepatic encephalopathy at screening.
2. Active malignancy receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or checkpoint inhibitor therapy within 30 days prior to sepsis onset (maintenance hormonal therapy and stable targeted therapies permitted).
3. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant within prior 100 days or active graft versus host disease requiring systemic immunosuppression.
4. Known hypersensitivity to NAI, IL 15, recombinant IL 15 receptor alpha sushi domain, or human IgG1 Fc.
5. Pregnancy or breastfeeding; negative serum pregnancy test required for women of childbearing potential.
6. Active second investigational therapy or participation in another interventional trial within 30 days prior to enrollment.
7. In the Investigator's opinion, a clinical condition or treatment limitation precluding meaningful participation or follow up (e.g., expected death within 24 hours, comfort-care-only orders precluding protocol-mandated assessments).