Black Elderberry Supplementation and Exercise Responses in Young Men

Effects of Black Elderberry Supplementation on Blood Lactate Responses and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Young Men: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

his randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated whether black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) supplementation affects blood lactate responses, oxidative stress biomarkers, and exercise-related physiological responses in young men who regularly exercise. Participants completed four assessment sessions: a pre-test and three supplementation phases involving a single dose, alternate-day supplementation for 14 days, and daily supplementation for 14 days. The anthocyanin group received black elderberry supplementation, while the control group received an identical placebo. Blood lactate, oxidative stress biomarkers, body composition, and exercise performance were assessed under standardized laboratory conditions across the study phases.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male participants aged 18-27 years.
• Engaged in regular exercise at least three times per week during the previous three months.
• No history of cardiovascular, metabolic, or endocrine disease.
• No use of dietary supplements during the preceding month.
• Provided written informed consent before participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known allergy or intolerance to black elderberry or other berry-based supplements.
• Serious musculoskeletal injury or surgery within the previous six months.
• Failure to comply with the study protocol.
• Development of any health problem that prevented continuation of the exercise protocol.