The Effect of Ultrasonographic Airway Measurements and Anatomical Differences on Laryngeal Mask Placement in Young and Older Adults

The Effect of Ultrasonographic Airway Measurements and Anatomical Differences on Laryngeal Mask Placement in Young and Older Adults: A Prospective Observational Study

This prospective observational study aims to compare ultrasonographic upper-airway measurements and age-related anatomical differences between young adults (18-40 years) and older adults (>65 years), and to evaluate their effects on laryngeal mask airway (LMA) placement success and position accuracy. Preoperative airway ultrasonography measurements will be assessed, followed by evaluation of LMA placement, ventilation efficacy, insertion attempts, placement time, and complications. Ultrasonography will also be used to assess LMA position after placement, with confirmation by leak testing and fiberoptic evaluation. Preoperative and postoperative gastric volume will additionally be assessed.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient or legally appropriate representative/relative accepts participation as applicable.
• Surgery suitable for LMA placement.
• Age 18-40 years or >65 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy
• Age <18 years
• History of upper airway surgery
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease, ulcer, or gastrointestinal bleeding history
• Inadequate fasting duration
• Emergency surgery
• Requirement for nasogastric tube placement
• Unstable teeth
• Mouth opening <3 cm
• Recent pulmonary infection
• Recent upper airway infection
• Pulmonary disease associated with increased airway pressures (cystic fibrosis, COPD, interstitial lung disease)
• Restricted cervical movement / inability to achieve required extension
• Ultrasound gel allergy
• Refusal to participate