Sleep Quality in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis

Sleep Quality and Associated Factors in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Controlled Cross-Sectional Study

This controlled cross-sectional observational study aims to compare sleep quality between adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and age- and sex-similar healthy controls. Participants aged 10-18 years will complete online questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics and sleep quality. Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis will also be evaluated for scoliosis-specific quality of life, body image, Cobb angle, curve type, pain, brace use, and daily brace-wearing duration. The study will additionally investigate factors associated with sleep quality in the scoliosis group. The planned enrollment is 100 participants, including 50 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 50 healthy controls.

This controlled cross-sectional observational study is designed to evaluate sleep quality in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and to compare their sleep quality with that of age- and sex-similar healthy controls. The study will include participants aged 10-18 years and will enroll approximately 100 individuals, consisting of 50 adolescents with AIS and 50 healthy controls.

Data will be collected online using Google Forms. All participants will complete a demographic information form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The demographic form will include information on age, sex, height, weight, screen time, physical activity level, sleep duration, sleep environment, and sleep habits.

Participants in the AIS group will additionally complete the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire (SRS-22). Clinical information specific to scoliosis, including Cobb angle, curve type, pain, brace use, and daily brace-wearing duration, will also be recorded. Cobb angle and curve type will be obtained from available medical records or the most recent radiological evaluation report.

The primary analysis will compare sleep quality between the AIS and healthy control groups. Secondary analyses will investigate relationships between PSQI total score and scoliosis-related, psychosocial, and treatment-related factors, including Cobb angle, pain, scoliosis-specific quality of life, brace use, and daily brace-wearing duration. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression will be used to identify factors independently associated with sleep quality within the AIS group.

No intervention, medication, radiological imaging, or physical examination will be performed as part of the study. Participation will consist of completing the online questionnaires, while relevant scoliosis-related clinical data will be verified from existing medical records.

Inclusion Criteria for the Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Group:

• Aged 10-19 years
• Diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by a specialist physician
• Able to read and understand Turkish
• Willing to participate voluntarily

Exclusion Criteria for the Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Group:

• Having a type of scoliosis other than adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
• Previous spinal surgery
• Presence of a neurological, rheumatological, cardiovascular, or psychiatric condition that may prevent participation in the study

Inclusion Criteria for the Healthy Control Group:

• Aged 10-19 years
• No known scoliosis or other spinal deformity
• Able to read and understand Turkish
• Willing to participate voluntarily

Exclusion Criteria for the Healthy Control Group:

• Presence of a neurological, rheumatological, cardiovascular, or psychiatric condition that may prevent participation in the study