Complementary Music Therapy for Pain During Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of complementary music therapy in reducing pain among hemodialysis patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. Participants were assigned to either a music intervention group or a control group. The intervention group listened to self-selected music during the procedure, while the control group received routine care without music. Pain intensity and physiological parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, were assessed to determine the effects of complementary music therapy during PTA.