ABO/Rh Blood Group Phenotypes as Predictor of Treatment Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Background and aim: ABO blood groups are biologically plausible modulators of endothelial function, coagulation, and inflammation - pathways central to diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study evaluates whether ABO/Rh phenotypes associate with differential treatment outcomes in DKD.

Methods: This 1-year prospective cohort study enrolled 161 adults with type 2 diabetes and established DKD (all receiving ACE-I/ARB plus SGLT2 inhibitors) from Cairo University outpatient clinics. eGFR, ACR, HbA1c, lipids, electrolytes, and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and one year. Percent changes in eGFR and ACR were calculated and the Kidney Failure Risk Equation estimated 2- and 5-year risk of progressing to end stage kidney disease. Multivariable linear regression identified independent predictors of renal outcome changes.