This single-center, prospective, observational study compares target-controlled infusion (TCI) versus manually administered total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) for sedation in patients undergoing kyphoplasty in the prone position. The primary endpoints are the incidence of hypoxic episodes (SpO₂ < 90%) and apneic attacks. Secondary endpoints include anesthesia quality scores, integrated pulmonary index (IPI) values, total propofol consumption, time to eye opening, time to full orientation, Modified Aldrete Scores and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores in the recovery unit, and patient and surgeon satisfaction.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18 years and older
Exclusion Criteria:
Known allergy to any of the study medications
dilara.gocmen@marmara.edu.tr
Patients receiving sedation via conventional manually administered total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Propofol 1% is administered by the anesthesiologist via manual boluses as needed, guided by BIS values, hemodynamic variables, and clinical assessment.
Patients receiving sedation via target-controlled infusion (TCI) using the Schnider pharmacokinetic model. Propofol 1% is administered via TCI device with patient-specific parameters (height, weight, age, sex) entered. Plasma target concentration is titrated between 0.5-3 µg/mL. Sedation depth is adjusted according to BIS values and hemodynamic responses
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