- Inclusion

Participants must meet all the following criteria:

• Adults, at least 40 years of age at the time of electronic consent, inclusive of all ethnicities, races, and gender identities

  • Assigned sex at birth will determine sex-specific recruitment and PROs (male vs female) employed, when needed

• Resides in the United States

• Has the opportunity for at least 30% improvement in their primary health outcome

• Expresses a willingness to take a study product and not know the product identity (active or placebo) until the end of the study

  • Exclusion

Individuals who report any of the following during screening may be excluded from participation:

• Report being pregnant, trying to become pregnant, or breastfeeding

• Unable to provide a valid US shipping address and mobile phone number

• Reports current enrollment in another clinical trial

• Reports being a heavy drinker (defined as drinking 3 or more alcoholic beverages per day)

• Unable to read and understand English at a 7th grade level

• Reports a current and/or recent (up to 3 months ago) major illness and/or surgery that poses a known, significant safety risk.

• Reports a diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction, liver or kidney disease that presents a known contraindication and/or a significant safety risk with any of the study product ingredients.

  • NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, uncontrolled arrhythmias, cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, stage 3b or 4 chronic kidney disease, or kidney failure

• Reports taking medications that have a well-established moderate or severe interaction, posing a substantial safety risk with any of the study product ingredients.

  • Anticoagulants, antihypertensives, anxiolytics, antidepressants, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, sedative hypnotics, seizure medications, medications that warn against grapefruit consumption, corticosteroids at doses greater than 5 mg per day, diabetic medications, oral anti-infectives (antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals) to treat an acute infection, antipsychotics, MAOIs, or thyroid products

• Reports current use of the primary ingredient(s) and/or similar product(s) to the active study product(s) that may limit the effects of the study products and/or pose a safety risk

• Lack of reliable daily access to the internet