This study evaluates whether a structured nurse-led education and empowerment program improves knowledge, practical self-care skills, and self-care behaviors in adult patients who have recently received a permanent pacemaker. Seventy participants were assigned to either the structured program, consisting of three individual teaching sessions with illustrated booklets and hands-on demonstration delivered within the first week after implantation, or standard hospital care. Outcomes were measured at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at one-month follow-up using validated knowledge, practice, and self-care questionnaires.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants received standard hospital care only, without the structured empowerment program.
Participants received the structured nurse-led empowerment program, consisting of three individual teaching sessions with illustrated booklets and demonstration/return-demonstration, delivered within the first week after pacemaker implantation, in addition to standard hospital care.
Tanta, Gharbia Governorate 31527, Egypt
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