The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a four-week pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training program using different activation strategies on pelvic floor muscle function in healthy women. An additional objective was to assess participants' knowledge of pelvic floor muscle anatomy, function, and voluntary activation.
Healthy female medical students were assigned to one of three training groups: a breathing exercise group, an isolated pelvic floor muscle contraction group, or a combined pelvic floor muscle contraction with breathing group. The training program lasted four weeks. Pelvic floor muscle function was assessed before and after the intervention using transabdominal ultrasound imaging. Prior to the intervention, participants completed an author-developed questionnaire assessing their knowledge of pelvic floor muscles.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants performed breathing exercises aimed at improving coordination between respiratory patterns and pelvic floor muscle function.
Participants performed voluntary isolated pelvic floor muscle contractions as a training intervention.
Participants performed exercises combining voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions with breathing techniques.
Gdansk, Pomeranian Voivodeship 80-211, Poland
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