This study aims to investigate the neurophysiological and inflammatory changes associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in older age patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Episode, Major Depression, and Bipolar Disorder, using microstate analysis derived from resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. Within this scope, EEG recordings obtained before and after ECT will be compared to determine the relationships between changes in microstate parameters and inflammatory marker levels, clinical variables, and psychometric scale scores reflecting clinical improvement. Peripheral blood samples collected from the same patient group will be analyzed for complete blood count parameters as well as levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp-130), soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP). In addition, inflammatory indices, including the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), will be calculated. The association between baseline levels of these biomarkers and treatment response will be evaluated. Moreover, changes in biomarker levels following ECT will be statistically examined in relation to clinical scale scores and EEG microstate parameters. Although microstate analysis and inflammatory biomarkers have each been extensively investigated in psychiatric disorders, studies evaluating these two biomarkers together, particularly with the inclusion of healthy control participants, in the older age population remain limited. In this regard, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of ECT on older age patients using objective neurophysiological indicators, contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of depression at the level of brain networks, and provide a scientific basis for the development of personalised treatment approaches in the future.
Inclusion Criteria:
Patient Group
Healthy Control Group:
Exclusion Criteria:
zod395@gmail.com+905365942469
People over 55 years of age who were diagnosed with Major Depressive Episode, whose diagnosis is either Major Depression or Bipolar Depression
The healthy control group will consist of age- and sex-matched volunteers who are 55 years of age or older, who do not use any medication that may significantly influence EEG activity or inflammatory biomarkers, and who do not have a current neurological or psychiatric disorder. Healthy controls will also provide written informed consent before participation. EEG recordings will be obtained once and will serve as reference data for normal brain activity.
Prediction of Antidepressant Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Multimodal Biomarkers of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Severe and Treatment-resistant Depression
Inflammatory Markers as Predictors of the Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in Major Depression Patients
Multimodal Imaging of ECT Effects
Predictive Effect of Neuroinflammatory Factors of the MECT in Treatment of Senile Depression
MR Imaging Biomarkers of Disease Response to ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) in Depression
Predictors of the Response and Relapse/Recurrence After ECT for Depressed Patients
Neurobiological Changes When Treating Depression With Electroconvulsive Therapy - a Longitudinal Observational Study