The tongue plays a central role in essential oral functions, including swallowing, speech, and upper airway control. Its coordinated interaction with the respiratory system is particularly relevant in clinical conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea and dysphagia. While respiratory muscle training is increasingly used in these contexts, its effects on the neural control of tongue function remain poorly understood.

This randomized cross-over pilot study aimed to investigate the acute effects of inspiratory (IMT) and expiratory (EMT) muscle training on tongue corticomotor excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation. These results will provide novel insight into the neurophysiological mechanisms linking respiratory interventions and oral motor control.