The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the "Visual-Auditory-Tactile-Numerical" (VANT) four-dimensional integrated teaching model improves clinical thinking and decision-making skills in second-year anesthesia residents. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Does the VANT teaching model improve structured clinical thinking scores (measured by the Anesthesia Clinical Thinking Process Scale) compared to traditional teaching methods?
• Does the VANT teaching model enhance crisis management performance, including accuracy of primary management and critical decision time, in high-fidelity simulation scenarios?
• Does the VANT teaching model lead to better long-term knowledge retention (at 1 month) and ability to apply learned skills to new clinical situations (at 3 months)? Researchers will compare the VANT four-dimensional integrated teaching group to a traditional structured teaching group to see if the VANT model produces greater improvements in clinical reasoning, crisis response, and knowledge transfer.

Participants will:

• Complete a 4-week training program (16 credit hours total) in either the VANT group or the traditional teaching group
• In the VANT group, engage in multisensory immersive learning involving visual displays (physiological curves and brain network animations), auditory case narratives, tactile manikin manipulation with real-time feedback, and numerical modeling using PK/PD simulation software
• In the control group, participate in traditional structured teaching including theoretical lectures, case discussions, and simulation practice with basic feedback
• Complete clinical thinking assessments before training, immediately after, and at 1 month and 3 months post-training
• Participate in a high-fidelity crisis simulation scenario to evaluate real-time decision-making ability
• Complete questionnaires about their learning experience and cognitive load