This prospective, single-center, cross-sectional observational study aims to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and lipid profile parameters among adults with obesity and established type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 160 participants will be recruited from an outpatient diabetes clinic in Cairo, Egypt. Each participant will undergo a single clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory assessment. No intervention or treatment will be assigned by the investigators.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants with obesity and established type 2 diabetes mellitus who have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D \[25(OH)D\] concentrations according to the predefined study criteria. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as serum 25(OH)D concentration below 20 ng/mL. Participants in this group will undergo clinical and laboratory assessments, including lipid profile and glycemic measurements, to evaluate metabolic characteristics associated with lower vitamin D status.
Participants with obesity and established type 2 diabetes mellitus who have higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D \[25(OH)D\] concentrations according to the predefined study criteria. Participants in this group will undergo the same clinical and laboratory assessments, including lipid profile and glycemic measurements, for comparison with the lower vitamin D status group.
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