Inclusion Criteria (Participants with PCOS):

• Rotterdam criteria demonstrating two out of the three criteria. These are:

  1. Presence of clinical hyperandrogenism or biochemical hyperandrogenism
  2. A history of irregular menstrual cycles
  3. Presence of polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound

Inclusion Criteria (Healthy Controls):

• Regular menstrual cycles (not meeting criteria for irregular cycles above)
• No diagnosis of PCOS
• Controls may have isolated hirsutism or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound as long as they do not meet Rotterdam criteria for PCOS

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current pregnancy

• Preexisting diagnosis of type 1 diabetes

• Severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) greater than 45kg/m2)

• Preexisting diagnosis of hypertension requiring antihypertensive medication or blood pressure of greater than 160/100 on two separate occasions during clinical care

• History of neurologic disease or stroke

• History of myocardial infarction or deep venous thrombosis

• Endometriosis confirmed by prior laparoscopy

• Autoimmune conditions including lupus, multiple sclerosis, and active malignancy

• Immuno-modulating medications

• Conditions incompatible with MRI scanning, including but not limited to

  • Certain implanted metal devices or foreign bodies
  • Severe claustrophobia

• Post-menopausal

• Participants will be excluded if they have taken hormonal contraception or fertility medication in the last month