Participants in the PBU-guided pelvic floor muscle training group completed a 6-week program, performed 3-5 sessions per week, with each session lasting 25 minutes. During Week 1, participants were trained in isolated pelvic floor muscle contractions in a crook-lying position using a Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) set at 40 mmHg. They performed 8-12 repetitions with 5-10-second holds and 5-10-second rest periods for 1-2 sets. In Week 2, the program progressed to 2-3 sets, with emphasis on correct muscle activation and minimizing compensatory activity using visual feedback from the PBU. Week 3 focused on improving endurance and maintaining lumbopelvic stability during sustained contractions. In Week 4, functional tasks such as reaching, supine leg slides, and supported bridging were introduced. Week 5 incorporated advanced exercises, including marching and bridging with continued biofeedback, while promoting pelvic control in supported sitting. During Week 6, participants practiced pe

Participants in the core stability exercise group completed a 6-week program consisting of 3-5 sessions per week, with each session lasting 25 minutes. Training progressed from core muscle activation exercises (abdominal drawing-in, pelvic tilts, heel slides, and supine marching) to low- and moderate-load stabilization exercises, including dead bugs, glute bridges, bird-dogs, and modified side planks. Exercise intensity and complexity were gradually increased by adding full planks, unstable limb movements, and functional reaching tasks. Throughout the program, emphasis was placed on maintaining a neutral spine, proper breathing, neuromuscular control, postural stability, and avoiding compensatory movements.