Inclusion Criteria:

General criteria:

• Men or women aged >= 18 and <= 65 years.
• For women of childbearing age: a form of contraception recognized by conventional medicine during the study.
• Written consent has been obtained from each patient for the study.

Dental criteria:

• Current X-ray of the implant region available (<= 6 months prior to first treatment).
• One to five implants with bone loss from the start of the part of the implant intended for osseointegration (X-ray findings).
• Bleeding and/or suppuration after or without probing at the implant in question (peri-implant mucositis/peri-implantitis).
• Clinical signs of inflammation (swelling, redness, soft tissue) on the implant in question (peri-implant mucositis/peri-implantitis).
• Average oral hygiene (i.e., brushing teeth at least twice a day).

Exclusion Criteria:

General criteria:

• Known allergies to materials used in the study (gold, copper, polyimide).
• Diabetes (type I or type II), vasculitis, osteoporosis, osteomalacia.
• Smokers (>1 cigarette/week).
• Use of medications to modulate bone metabolism (e.g., bisphosphonates).
• Eating disorders such as bulimia or anorexia nervosa.
• Use of antibiotics within the last 2 months prior to the start of the study.
• Application of local antibiotics in the oral cavity within the last 2 months prior to the start of the study.
• Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes within the last month before the start of the study.
• Anti-inflammatory medication within the last month before the start of the study.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Alcoholism or drug abuse.
• Wound healing disorders.
• Immunosuppression.
• Condition following insertion of an electrical, electrically active, or electronic implant.

Dental criteria:

• An implant with bone loss >6 mm from the start of the part of the implant intended for osseointegration (X-ray findings) (peri-implantitis).
• Pathological changes in the oral mucosa or gingiva, such as oral lichen planus, chronic recurrent aphthae, melanotic macula, precancerous lesions (e.g., leukoplakia), melanomas.
• Use of medically unacceptable types of treatment, therapies, or substances (off-label use of treatments for peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis).