The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical performance of SMD-RVECG, an artificial intelligence-based medical device software that analyzes single-lead electrocardiogram data to predict the risk of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response occurring within 2 hours.
A total of 348 eligible electrocardiogram datasets collected through VitalDB at Seoul National University Hospital will be included. Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response is defined in this study as atrial fibrillation accompanied by an average heart rate of 110 beats per minute or greater for at least 30 seconds.
Eligible datasets will be classified as positive or negative for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Two qualified physicians blinded to the software results will review the electrocardiogram data and relevant medical records to establish the reference-standard classification. The blinded electrocardiogram datasets will then be analyzed using SMD-RVECG, and the software-generated predictions will be compared with the reference standard to evaluate clinical performance.
Inclusion Criteria:
Continuous single-lead electrocardiogram data collected through VitalDB at Seoul National University Hospital between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2025
Participant aged 19 years or older at the time of electrocardiogram data collection
Electrocardiogram data meeting either of the following group definitions:
If the relevant episode occurred within 2 hours after the start of electrocardiogram recording, availability of electrocardiogram data from the start of recording through up to 1 hour after the episode, with a minimum electrocardiogram recording duration of 10 minutes
Other data considered suitable for the study by the principal investigator
Exclusion Criteria:
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Electrocardiogram datasets from patients with atrial fibrillation in which rapid ventricular response occurred. Rapid ventricular response is defined as an average heart rate of 110 beats per minute or greater for at least 30 seconds. The dataset includes electrocardiogram data preceding the first onset of rapid ventricular response and data following the episode in accordance with the protocol. These datasets will be retrospectively analyzed using SMD-RVECG.
Electrocardiogram datasets from patients with atrial fibrillation in which rapid ventricular response did not occur during the predefined assessment period. The dataset includes electrocardiogram data from the 3 hours preceding a selected index time corresponding to a similar time during hospitalization as the onset time used for positive cases. These datasets will be retrospectively analyzed using SMD-RVECG.