This phase II trial evaluates whether a multi-antigen vaccine called STEMVAC improves disease-free survival after surgery in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and moderate or extensive residual cancer burden. TNBC has an aggressive clinical course and poorer disease-free survival compared to other subtypes. While patients who have no remaining tumor in the breast or lymph nodes after surgery have excellent long-term outcomes, patients with moderate or extensive residual cancer burden remain at high risk for early disease return and poorer prognosis. STEMVAC is designed to target proteins that tumor cells use when they become more aggressive and start to spread, and it is believed to work by boosting the immune system to recognize and destroy the invader tumor cells that are causing the disease. Giving STEMVAC after surgery may improve disease-free survival rates in TNBC patients with moderate or extensive residual cancer burden.
Inclusion Criteria:
At least 18 years of age
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of ≤ 2
Triple-negative breast cancer as determined by the treating oncologist
Completed standard of care neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the opinion of their treating oncologist
Patients whose tumors progress on neoadjuvant therapy may be enrolled
No clinical evidence of local or distant recurrence
Plan to receive standard of care adjuvant directed therapy
Completed standard of care locoregional treatment, including definitive breast and lymph node surgery followed by standard radiation therapy, if recommended
Residual cancer burden (RCB) index 2 or 3 as calculated per routine anatomic pathology clinical standards
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 800/μL (within 30 days of first study vaccine administration)
Hemoglobin (Hgb) ≥ 8 g/dL (within 30 days of first study vaccine administration)
Platelets ≥ 75,000/ μL (within 30 days of first study vaccine administration)
Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN), except patients with Gilbert's syndrome, in whom total bilirubin must be < 3.0 mg/dL (within 30 days of first study vaccine administration)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 1.5 x institutional ULN (within 30 days of first study vaccine administration)
Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN mg/dL or creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min (within 30 days of first study vaccine administration)
At least 28 days post systemic steroids prior to enrollment, unless used as part of prophylaxis to prevent intravenous (IV) contrast reactions.
Must have recovered from major infections and/or surgical procedures; and in the opinion of the investigator, not have any significant active concurrent medical illnesses or condition precluding protocol treatment
Patients of child-bearing potential must agree to use dual methods of contraception and have a negative urine pregnancy test at screening, and male patients must use an effective barrier method of contraception if sexually active with a person of child-bearing potential. Acceptable methods of contraception are abstinence, condoms with contraceptive foam, oral, implantable or injectable contraceptives, contraceptive patch, intrauterine device, diaphragm with spermicidal gel, or a sexual partner who is surgically sterilized or post-menopausal
Exclusion Criteria:
Toxicities related to prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors for which immune checkpoint inhibitors cannot be safely continued as determined by study investigator
Germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations with adjuvant olaparib planned within the study period
Any known cardiac conditions:
Autoimmune disease requiring active systemic treatment
Known hypersensitivity reaction to the GM-CSF adjuvant; any known contra-indication to GM-CSF
Pregnant or breast feeding
Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hepatitis B (e.g., hepatitis B virus surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive), or hepatitis C (e.g., hepatitis C virus [HCV] ribonucleic acid [RNA] is detected)
Major surgery within the 4 weeks prior to initiation of first study vaccine
Enrollment in any other clinical protocol or investigational trial that involves concurrent administration of experimental therapy and/or therapeutic devices, or investigational drug. Patients who completed prior clinical trials (such as neoadjuvant treatment, surgery or radiation trials) and are on long term follow up are permitted
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Patients receive STEMVAC with GM-CSF ID every 3 weeks for 3 doses. Patients then receive booster vaccines ID 9 weeks after vaccine 3 and 18 weeks after booster 1. Patients also undergo collection of blood samples throughout the trial.
Patients receive GM-CSF ID every 3 weeks for 3 doses. Patients then receive booster vaccines ID 9 weeks after vaccine 3 and 18 weeks after booster 1. Patients also undergo collection of blood samples throughout the trial.
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