Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 to 80 years, regardless of sex.
• Scheduled to undergo robot-assisted hepatobiliary or pancreatic surgery, limited to hemihepatectomy, liver segmentectomy, local liver resection, cholecystectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, or distal pancreatectomy.
• Considered to have an indication for surgery and to be suitable for robotic surgery based on preoperative assessment.
• No definite contraindication to robotic surgery, laparoscopic surgery, pneumoperitoneum, or general anesthesia.
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class I to III.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0 to 2.
• Expected survival of at least 3 months.
• Adequate major organ function, with laboratory test results within 7 days before enrollment meeting the following criteria: white blood cell count at least 2.5 x 10^9/L, absolute neutrophil count at least 1.5 x 10^9/L, platelet count at least 75 x 10^9/L, hemoglobin at least 90 g/L, international normalized ratio no more than 1.5 x upper limit of normal, and serum creatinine no more than 1.5 x upper limit of normal.
• For patients undergoing liver surgery, Child-Pugh class A liver function or Child-Pugh class B liver function considered tolerable for surgery, with adequate liver reserve and adequate predicted future liver remnant volume.
• For patients undergoing pancreatic surgery, imaging assessment showing resectability by robotic surgery without the need for complex vascular reconstruction.
• Willing and able to complete perioperative observation and postoperative follow-up according to the study protocol.
• Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study and provides written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Need for combined vascular reconstruction.
• Need for two or more major hepatobiliary or pancreatic procedures at the same time, or need for major resection of other organs.
• Unable to complete full preoperative assessment, randomization, or remote robotic system preparation.
• Considered clearly unsuitable for robotic surgery before the operation.
• Preoperative assessment indicating a high probability of conversion to open surgery, or difficulty safely completing the planned procedure using a robotic platform.
• Uncorrectable severe coagulation disorder or active bleeding tendency.
• Severe dysfunction of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, brain, or other major organs that makes the patient unable to tolerate general anesthesia, pneumoperitoneum, or the planned surgery.
• For patients undergoing liver surgery, inadequate liver reserve or inadequate predicted future liver remnant volume for safe surgery.
• Uncontrolled severe infection, sepsis, severe malnutrition, or other conditions that significantly increase perioperative risk.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
• Severe psychiatric, cognitive, or communication disorder that prevents cooperation with the study or follow-up.
• Major compliance concerns as judged by the investigator.
• Currently participating in another interventional clinical study that may affect endpoint assessment in this study.
• Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, makes the patient unsuitable for enrollment.