Superior cluneal nerve entrapment (SCNE) is an underrecognized cause of chronic low back pain and gluteal pain that may mimic lumbar spine disorders. Ultrasound-guided proximal superior cluneal nerve block has increasingly been used in routine clinical practice .Diagnostic superior cluneal nerve block is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis, whereas ultrasound-guided proximal superior cluneal nerve block has emerged as a therapeutic option.

This prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided proximal superior cluneal nerve block in patients with clinically diagnosed superior cluneal nerve entrapment who undergo the procedure as part of routine clinical care. Pain intensity, disability, and neuropathic pain characteristics will be assessed at baseline and during follow-up to evaluate treatment outcomes.

Superior cluneal nerve entrapment (SCNE) is an increasingly recognized cause of chronic low back pain that may be overlooked or misdiagnosed as lumbar radiculopathy or other degenerative lumbar disorders. Accurate diagnosis is essential because patients with SCNE may benefit from targeted peripheral nerve interventions rather than treatments directed at the lumbar spine.

Ultrasound-guided proximal superior cluneal nerve block has emerged as a practical technique for both diagnostic confirmation and therapeutic management of SCNE. Compared with landmark-based approaches, ultrasound guidance enables real-time visualization of relevant anatomical structures and standardized needle placement. Despite increasing clinical use, prospective evidence evaluating the clinical outcomes of this technique remains limited.

This prospective observational cohort study will enroll patients with clinically diagnosed superior cluneal nerve entrapment who undergo ultrasound-guided proximal superior cluneal nerve block as part of routine clinical care. Pain intensity, disability, and neuropathic pain characteristics will be evaluated at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-up visits using validated clinical outcome measures.

The primary objective is to evaluate changes in pain intensity following ultrasound-guided proximal superior cluneal nerve block. Secondary objectives include evaluating changes in disability and neuropathic pain characteristics after treatment and documenting the clinical outcomes of this intervention during routine practice.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18-75 years.
• Chronic low back and/or gluteal pain persisting for at least 3 months.
• Localized pain and/or tenderness over the posterior iliac crest.
• At least 50% reduction in pain intensity following diagnostic superior cluneal nerve block.
• Failure of conservative treatment.
• Ability to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous superior cluneal nerve surgery.
• Active local or systemic infection.
• Bleeding disorders or contraindications to the procedure.
• Allergy to study medications.
• Pregnancy.
• Severe cognitive impairment or inability to complete study assessments.
• Additional interventional pain procedures involving the affected region during follow-up.

Adults with chronic low back and/or gluteal pain and a positive diagnostic superior cluneal nerve block response who undergo ultrasound-guided proximal superior cluneal nerve block as part of routine clinical care. Participants will be prospectively followed for clinical outcomes.

The investigators have not yet made a final decision regarding individual participant data (IPD) sharing. Data sharing will be considered after study completion in accordance with institutional policies, ethical requirements, and applicable data protection regulations.