This study aims to determine the ideal length of a spinal cord stimulation (SCS) trial period by analyzing daily pain scores, patient satisfaction, and when patients decide whether to proceed with permanent implantation. The primary goal is to identify the shortest trial duration that can reliably predict SCS success. A secondary goal is to compare SCS trial outcomes with patient-reported health measures (PROMIS domains) and recommendations from the SCS E-Health Tool to evaluate how well these tools predict treatment candidacy and outcomes.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established treatment for chronic pain and is typically preceded by a temporary trial period to evaluate treatment effectiveness before permanent implantation. Standard SCS trial durations generally range from 3 to 7 days, although some trials may be extended up to 15 days. These timeframes are largely intended to minimize the risk of epidural infection associated with prolonged epidural lead placement. However, there is limited evidence defining the optimal duration of an SCS trial, raising the possibility that many trials may be longer than clinically necessary (1).

Reducing the duration of SCS trials could provide several clinical benefits. Shorter trials may decrease the risk of infection, reduce the need for prophylactic antibiotic exposure, and minimize the length of time patients must interrupt antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy when applicable. Determining the shortest trial duration that reliably predicts treatment success could improve patient safety while streamlining clinical care.

This study aims to identify the optimal duration of the SCS trial by evaluating daily pain scores, patient satisfaction, and the timing of patients' decisions to proceed with permanent SCS implantation. The primary objective is to determine the minimum number of trial days required to accurately predict SCS trial success. The secondary objective is to evaluate the association between SCS trial outcomes and patient-reported outcome measures, including PROMIS domain scores and candidacy recommendations generated by the SCS E-Health Tool, to assess their ability to predict SCS candidacy and treatment outcomes.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults aged 18 years or older who are able to provide informed consent.
2. Individuals with a clinical diagnosis of a chronic pain condition deemed appropriate for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy by the treating physician.
3. Individuals with a documented duration of chronic pain greater than 12 weeks.
4. Individuals scheduled to undergo a spinal cord stimulation trial as part of routine clinical care at a participating site.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant individuals.
2. Individuals currently receiving or involved in a worker's compensation claim related to their pain condition.
3. Individuals with a history of a previously failed spinal cord stimulation (SCS) trial.
4. Individuals with chronic opioid use exceeding 50 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per day.

Certain populations will be excluded to minimize factors that may influence pain reporting, treatment response, and SCS trial outcomes. Exclusions include pregnant individuals, those involved in active worker's compensation claims, patients with prior failed SCS trials, and individuals using chronic opioids exceeding 50 MME/day. These criteria help ensure participant safety, reduce potential confounding variables, and improve the accuracy and validity of the study findings.

The current study plan does not indicate an intention to make individual participant data (IPD) available to other researchers. Study findings will be analyzed and reported in aggregate form, and no external sharing of participant-level data is planned.