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This is a Retrospective and Prospective Observational Single-Center Study. The purpose is to collect all data to generate a registry of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract carcinoma) of patients accessing to San Raffaele Hospital. An additional purpose is to identify novel biomarkers to better manage primary liver cancer patients, for whom additional biological samples will be collected.
A total of 4000 patients will be enrolled; for the prospective cohort: from protocol approval to the achievement of the last planned patients in the prospective cohort (2000 patients). The retrospective cohort will start from the year 2000.
Patients will be followed for 5 years of follow-up.
The object of the study is to collect all data from patients with primary liver diseases (hepatocellular carcinoma or BTC), investigating any correlation with clinical and/or molecular characteristics. As exploratory analysis, the project will explore the possible identification of any immunological, genetic, histological, cellular, molecular, and/or microbiological biomarker that could support patients' management.
Data collection of enrolled patients will cover all initial information regarding patient disease characteristics and profiling and all follow-up data available, included any data generated by other hospitals but referring to the disease studied. As this is an observational study, there will be no modification to any existing treatment pathways for patients. The only additional procedures are the collection of some biological samples at different timepoints (baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 months and at disease progression):
Moreover, also tumor tissue will be investigated for exploratory analysis. In particular, tumor tissue collected according to normal clinical practice (baseline, eventually surgery, and/or re-biopsy), if still available after diagnostic purpose, will be analyzed to seek novel biomarkers. Additionally to FFPE archivial tumor tissue, exceeding fresh tumor tissue from diagnostic purpose, may be stored in other media other than paraffin (for example OTC).
A total of 4000 patients will be enrolled; for the prospective cohort: from protocol approval to the achievement of the last planned patients in the prospective cohort (2000 patients). The retrospective cohort will start from the year 2000.
Patients will be followed for 5 years of follow-up.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with diagnosis of primary liver cancer | Patients with diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma or biliary tract cancer presenting to IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele will be included |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To collect clinical data from patients with primary liver disease | Collection of all clinical data from patients with primary liver disease | From date of diagnosis until the date of death from any cause or last follow up, assessed up to 5 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To seek correlation between clinical and molecular data with PFS outcome | -Progression-free survival (PFS), defined as the time from the start of each treatment line to the first documented disease progression or death from any cause, whichever occurs first, according to RECIST version 1.1. PFS will be assessed separately for each treatment line received by the patien | From date of start of each treatment line until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, assessed up to 12 months. Tumor assessments will be performed in accordance with clinical practice |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To seek potential immunological biomarker | Changes in immunological biomarkers will be assessed through the evaluation of soluble factors (such as cytokines) and immunophenotype of circulating and tumor-resident immune cells. | Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and at disease progression (PD) |
| To seek potential genetic biomarker |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Patients without diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma or biliary tract cancer (BTC).
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Patients with diagnosis of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma or biliary tract cancer) presenting to IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andrea Casadei Gardini, Medical Oncologist | Contact | +390226437627 | CasadeiGardini.Andrea@hsr.it |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele | Recruiting | Milan | Italy |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Sep 15, 2025 | Jun 29, 2026 | Prot_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006528 | Carcinoma, Hepatocellular |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000230 | Adenocarcinoma |
| D002277 | Carcinoma |
| D009375 | Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial |
| D009370 | Neoplasms by Histologic Type |
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| To seek correlation between clinical and molecular data with OS outcome | Overall survival, defined as the time from diagnosis to death from any cause. | From date of diagnosis until the date of death from any cause or last follow up, assessed up to 5 years |
| To seek correlation between clinical and molecular data with Toxicity outcome | Frequency and severity of adverse events related to treatment, graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.6. | From treatment initiation until the date of death from any cause or last follow up, assessed up to 5 years |
| To seek correlation between clinical and molecular data with DFS outcome | DFS: Time from complete response or radical surgery to disease recurrence or death from any cause | From date of surgery or complete response until the date of first documented recurrence or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 5 years. Tumor assessments will be performed in accordance with clinical practice |
Prevalence and type of somatic genetic alterations in tumor tissue assessed with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). |
| Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and at disease progression (PD) |
| To seek potential histological biomarker | Histological tumor features will be assessed using high-throughput approaches, including multiplexed immunohistochemistry (IHC), to explore novel prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers. | Baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and at disease progression (PD) |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D008113 | Liver Neoplasms |
| D004067 | Digestive System Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D008107 | Liver Diseases |