To determine whether regulating the gut microbiota can contribute to the eradication of refractory H. pylori infection.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1. Ages 18-70
• 2. Hp infection treatment failed ≥4 times with guidelines-recommended therapies
• 3. Patients with early gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, gastric MALT lymphoma, atrophic gastritis and other diseases requiring the eradication of Hp.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. Antibiotics and bismuth were taken within 4 weeks before this treatment; Or had taken PPI, H2 receptor antagonist, P-CAB within 2 weeks prior to treatment;
• 2. Pregnant or lactating women;
• 3. Those who are allergic to the investigational drugs used in this test or have contraindications;
• 4. Participated in other drug trials within 3 months before the treatment of this trial;
• 5. There are other serious diseases that affect the evaluation of this study at the same time, or they cannot correctly express their own complaints and cannot cooperate;
• 6. Subjects with dysphagia;
• 7. Patients with malignant tumors, serious concomitant diseases, severe ulcer bleeding or perforation;
• 8. Patients judged by the investigator to be unsuitable for clinical trials.
• 9. Those who do not want to sign the informed consent for the study.