Participants in this group will receive vacuum-controlled static dry cupping applied to the lumbar region. The cups will be placed on specific points over the lower back and kept stationary for approximately 10 minutes per session along with conventional physiotherapy management for chronic low back pain.

Participants in this group will receive vacuum-controlled dynamic dry cupping applied to the lumbar region. After creating negative pressure, the cups will be gently moved over the lower back to mobilize soft tissues along with conventional physiotherapy management for chronic low back pain.

Vacuum-controlled static dry cupping will be applied to the lumbar region of patients with chronic low back pain. Cups will be placed on the affected area and kept stationary for approximately 10 minutes to create negative pressure, aiming to improve blood circulation, reduce pain, and relieve muscle tension.

Pain intensity in patients with chronic low back pain will be assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The NPRS is an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 represents the worst imaginable pain. It will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of vacuum-controlled static and dynamic dry cupping in reducing pain levels.

Lumbar range of motion will be measured to assess improvement in spinal mobility in patients with chronic low back pain. Lumbar movements including flexion, extension, and lateral flexion will be evaluated using a goniometer or inclinometer.

Functional disability related to chronic low back pain will be assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a validated questionnaire that measures the impact of back pain on daily activities such as walking, sitting, standing, and personal care.