The Effect of Different Types of Squat Exercises on Muscle Strength and Muscle Oxygenation

The Effect of Different Types of Squat Exercises on Muscle Strength and Muscle Oxygenation

The study was conducted using a randomized controlled trial design. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the "Classic Squat Group" or the "Heel-Elevated Squat Group." Both groups completed an 8-week strength training program consisting of three sessions per week, following the resistance exercise principles recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. The main component of the program was the assigned squat variation.

Baseline and post-intervention assessments at 8 weeks were performed according to standardized protocols. Exercise sessions were supervised by an experienced physiotherapist to ensure proper technique and minimize injury risk. Training intensity was progressively increased based on participants' adaptation and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength levels.

Inclusion Criteria:

• No musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiopulmonary conditions that would prevent participation in exercise
• Healthy young adults
• No regular lower extremity training participation in the last 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of surgery or serious injury to the knee, hip, or ankle joints within the past year
• Presence of any neurological disorder affecting balance or motor control
• Presence of any cardiovascular or pulmonary disease that contraindicates exercise participation