Brain tumors and their surgical treatment may impair cognitive function, affecting patients' quality of life. This prospective single-arm study aims to evaluate the feasibility and clinical utility of an EEG-based neural signal decoding strategy for cognitive function preservation in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. Participants will undergo standardized neuropsychological assessments together with preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative electrophysiological recordings. The study will investigate whether EEG-based neural decoding can improve objective cognitive function assessment and support individualized functional preservation during brain tumor surgery.

This is a prospective, single-center, single-arm interventional study designed to investigate an EEG-based neural signal decoding strategy for higher-order cognitive function preservation in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.

Eligible patients with brain tumors scheduled for surgical treatment will be enrolled. Participants will receive standardized neuropsychological assessments before and after surgery. High-density EEG recordings will be acquired during different stages of the perioperative period, including task-based and resting-state paradigms when applicable. Neural signal decoding methods will be used to extract cognitive-related electrophysiological features and evaluate their association with postoperative cognitive outcomes.

The primary objective is to evaluate the feasibility of EEG-based neural signal decoding for objective cognitive assessment and functional preservation during brain tumor surgery. Secondary objectives include exploring the relationship between electrophysiological biomarkers and neuropsychological performance, evaluating perioperative cognitive changes, and providing preliminary evidence for individualized cognitive protection strategies in brain tumor patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 years to 75 years.
• Patients diagnosed with brain glioma and scheduled for surgical treatment.
• Conscious and able to understand study procedures.
• Able to complete neuropsychological assessments.
• Willing to participate and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe dysfunction of major organs (heart, lung, liver, or kidney).
• Severe psychiatric disorders or cognitive impairment.
• Severe language impairment preventing completion of study procedures.
• Any other condition judged by the investigator to make participation inappropriate.

The plan for sharing individual participant data has not yet been determined. Data sharing will be considered after study completion in accordance with institutional policies and applicable regulations.