The Effects of an AIoT-Based Exercise System on Frail Older Adults

AIoT-Based Ergometer for Early Rehabilitation in Geriatric Wards: Supporting Physical Recovery in Frail Older Adult

This clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT)-based feedback assistive strengthening ergometer (AIFASE) exercise system on frail older adults in geriatric wards. Baseline assessments will include physical fitness, functional performance, and frailty severity. Muscle strength of the major muscle groups in the upper and lower extremities will be evaluated at both baseline and post-intervention. Throughout the intervention, exercise-related data, including exercise duration, workload, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) will be continuously and simultaneously collected for analysis.

At baseline, participants will undergo a personal health assessment and physical fitness evaluation. The personal health assessment includes collection of demographic information, past medical history, general health status, and clinical frailty scale. Physical fitness assessment consists of handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go test and 4-meter walk test. These baseline assessments will be used to individualize and guide the AIFASE exercise program.

Following the baseline assessment, the intervention group will undergo training using an AIFASE exercise system. Muscle strength of the major muscle groups in the upper and lower extremities (elbow flexors, elbow extensors, knee flexors, and knee extensors) will be evaluated at both baseline and post-intervention.

During the exercise sessions, exercise-related metrics, including workload, cadence (revolutions per minute, RPM), exercise duration, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) will be continuously recorded in real time.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult over 65 years old
• The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score of 3 to 7 (hospitalized patients)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Limb disability or joint deformation
• Admission to the intensive care unit, scheduled surgery, anticipated discharge within three days, medical contraindications to physical activity, or enrollment in hospice care.