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This was a randomized controlled trial done to to compare the effect of manual Cross Friction Massage and IASTM in reducing pain , range of motion and functional disability in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manual Cross Friction Massage (CFM) | Experimental | Arm Description: Patient seated , elbow flexed ~90 degree , forearm pronated , extensor tendon exposed and released. Thumb / index finger applies firm transverse pressure . |
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| Group B: Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) | Active Comparator | Seated,Elbow flexed ~ 90 degree , forearm pronated, extensor tendon exposed and relaxed. Stainless steel IASTMCurve bar S shape , dual grip tool was used with moderate ,tolerable pressure . |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manual Cross Friction Massage (CFM) | Other | Patient seated , elbow flexed ~90 degree , forearm pronated , extensor tendon exposed and released. Thumb / index finger applies firm transverse pressure . Short , deep ,rhythmic strokes perpendicular to ECRB tendon fibers (5 to 10 min ).Total duration 35 - 40 mins. 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale. | A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain intensity during rest. The level of pain was recorded on a 10 cm line where 0 was classified as "no pain" and 10 was classified as "worst possible pain". Subjects were asked to indicate their pain level by placing a mark along this horizontal line | Assessments were performed at baseline (week 0) and post intervention (week 6). |
| Goniometer | ROM measured was used a standard universal goniometer, which is considered a valid, reliable, and widely accepted clinical tool for assessing joint angles in musculoskeletal conditions. Measurements were taken for wrist flexion, wrist extension, and elbow movements, following standardized positioning and landmark alignment to ensure consistency and accuracy. | Assessments was performed at baseline (week 0) and post intervention (week 6). |
| Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire | Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire is an instrument that has been developed specifically for use with this disorder [16]. It takes the form of a 15-item questionnaire, with five items addressing pain and 10 concerned with functional deficit. For each item, the respondent uses a 0- 10 numerical scale to rate the average pain or difficulty they have experienced over the previous week while carrying out various activities that are commonly painful in tennis elbow. The marking system ensures that pain and function are weighted equally in the total score. Higher scores represent greater se- verity and the maximum score is 100 | Assessments was performed at baseline (week 0) and post intervention (week 6). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Painful palpation at the origin of the ECRB or lateral epicondyle
Exclusion Criteria:
History of recent fracture,dislocation,or surgery near the elbow joint in the last 3 month Neurological or systemic inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) Current use of corticosteroid injections in the elbow region within the past 6 weeks Previous physiotherapy interventions for the same complaint in the last 3 months.
Skin disorders or open wounds near the treatment area.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibadat International University, Islamabad | Peshawar | KPK | 25000 | Pakistan |
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Group A : Manual Cross Friction Massage (CFM) Group B: Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM)
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| Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) | Other | Seated,Elbow flexed ~ 90 degree , forearm pronated, extensor tendon exposed and relaxed. Stainless steel IASTMCurve bar S shape , dual grip tool was used with moderate ,tolerable pressure . Longitudinal sweeping (1-2 min ) , Cross fiber stokes (1-2 min), Fanning over tender point ( 1- 2min). Flushing stokes (1min).40 -45 mins total time . 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. |
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