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This cross-sectional study aims to determine the predictors of treatment expectations in individuals with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). MPS is one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal pain and is associated with reduced quality of life. Patients' pre-treatment expectations are known to influence clinical outcomes, yet the factors that predict these expectations have not been established. Adults diagnosed with MPS who are scheduled to receive physiotherapy complete measures of treatment expectations, pain intensity and duration, health-related quality of life, and fatigue. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the extent to which pain intensity, pain duration, quality of life, and fatigue predict treatment expectations.
Design and setting: Cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted at a private physiotherapy clinic in Konya, Turkiye, between April and August 2026.
Participants: Adults (18 years and older) with a diagnosis of MPS, a pain intensity of at least 3 on a visual analog scale, and scheduled to receive at least two weeks of physiotherapy. Individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis, a chronic systemic disease, or any barrier preventing communication are excluded.
Sample size: Based on an a priori power analysis (G*Power; effect size 0.15, power 0.80, alpha 0.05), a minimum of 85 participants is required.
Measures: A personal information form; the Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q), Turkish version, as the dependent variable; pain intensity and duration via a visual analog scale; health-related quality of life via the Short Form-36 (SF-36); and fatigue via the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI).
Analysis: Descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, and multiple linear regression models (with 95% confidence intervals) to examine the associations between treatment expectations and pain intensity, pain duration, quality of life, and fatigue. Statistical significance is set at p<0.05.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals with myofascial pain syndrome | Adults with a diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome presenting to a private physiotherapy clinic and scheduled to receive at least two weeks of physiotherapy. Treatment expectations and candidate predictors are assessed once at enrollment. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment expectations | Measured with the Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q), Turkish version. The total score of the first 15 items ranges from 0 to 150, with higher scores indicating greater treatment expectations. | At enrollment, before the physiotherapy program (single cross-sectional assessment) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity | Assessed with a 10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for rest, activity, and night pain; 0 = no pain, 10 = unbearable pain. | At enrollment (single cross-sectional assessment) |
| Pain duration |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Adults (18 years and older) diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome who present to a private physiotherapy clinic in Konya, Turkiye and are scheduled to receive at least two weeks of physiotherapy.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hasan Gercek, PT, PhD | Contact | +90 542 648 84 55 | hasan.gercek@karatay.edu.tr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hasan Gercek, PT, PhD | KTO Karatay University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KTO Karatay University | Recruiting | Konya | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39056487 | Background | Cakir F, Gercek H, Ozturk S, Kuru Colak T, Sari Z, Polat MG. The Treatment Expectation Questionnaire Tool: A Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation in Turkey. Eval Health Prof. 2025 Sep;48(3):300-307. doi: 10.1177/01632787241268211. Epub 2024 Jul 26. | |
| 32819942 | Background | Alberts J, Lowe B, Glahn MA, Petrie K, Laferton J, Nestoriuc Y, Shedden-Mora M. Development of the generic, multidimensional Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q) through systematic literature review, expert surveys and qualitative interviews. BMJ Open. 2020 Aug 20;10(8):e036169. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036169. |
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Individual participant data will not be shared.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009209 | Myofascial Pain Syndromes |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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Self-reported duration of pain complaints, recorded in weeks.
| At enrollment (single cross-sectional assessment) |
| Health-related quality of life | Assessed with the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Subscale scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status. | At enrollment (single cross-sectional assessment) |
| Fatigue | Assessed with the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI); higher scores indicate greater fatigue. | At enrollment (single cross-sectional assessment) |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |