Alterations in Spiking Following Muscle Fatigue in Volleyball Players

Alterations in Spiking Kinematic, Muscle Activation, and Subacromial Structures Following Muscle Fatigue in Volleyball Players

This study aims (1)to investigate the effects of repetitive functional overhead movements targeting shoulder and scapular muscles on glenohumeral and scapular kinematics and muscle activation during the arm cocking and acceleration of spiking, and changes in subacromial structures in healthy recreational volleyball players; (2) to compare these fatigue-related changes between athletes with good and poor shoulder motor control.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Between 18 and 35 years old
• At least 2 consecutive years of volleyball experience
• Involved in volleyball practice or game for at least 4 hours per week
• Able to perform a cross-body spike with 3-step

Exclusion Criteria:

• A history of major shoulder or spinal injury or surgery
• Experiencing shoulder pain (VAS ≥ 3/10) in the last 6 months