Artificial Intelligence (AI) Detection of Incidental Interstitial Opacity on Chest Radiography

Evaluating the Real-World Performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Detection for Interstitial Lung Disease in Chest X-Ray Images

The goal of this observational study is to learn how well an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chest X-ray analysis software can incidentally detect interstitial lung disease (ILD), which appears as interstitial opacity, on chest X-rays taken for other reasons, and whether these AI-flagged findings represent true interstitial opacity.

The main question it aims to answer is: How often does an AI-flagged interstitial opacity correspond to true ILD?

This retrospective study uses existing records: researchers review each participant's follow-up computed tomography(CT), CT report, and final diagnosis to confirm true ILD and reticular opacity.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 19 years or older
• Visited the pulmonology and allergy clinic (outpatient or inpatient) at Chung-Ang University Hospital (Seoul or Gwangmyeong) and underwent chest radiography from January 2022 to December 2024
• A follow-up CT performed after the index chest radiograph
• Reticular/interstitial opacity detected on the index radiograph by VUNO Med®-Chest X-ray™

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior history of ILD or ILD-related disease before the index chest radiograph, or a CT report containing terms related to interstitial opacity
• Non-frontal (non-posteroanterior/anteroposterior [PA/AP]) chest radiograph view position
• Missing CT report or final clinical diagnosis