Evaluation of Mosquito Repellent Products' Efficacy, Safety, and Public Health Implications

Comparative Evaluation of Mosquito Repellent Products in South Asia and North America: Efficacy, Safety, and Public Health Implications

Human Volunteer Participation:

A total of six (6) healthy adult volunteers participated in the study, including three males and three females aged between 18 and 22 years. The volunteers participated in:

• Arm-in-Cage Test Procedure
• Dermatological Safety Test

All participants were:

• Non-tobacco users
• Free from dermatosis or chronic skin disease
• Free from known allergic reactions to arthropod bites or mosquito repellents
• Informed regarding the objectives, procedures, risks, and benefits of the study Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers before participation. Participants were instructed not to apply perfumes, aromatics, skincare products, or other mosquito repellents on the hands for at least 12 hours before and during the experiment to minimize experimental bias.

Safety and Ethical Considerations:

1. All experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions.
2. Appropriate safety precautions and monitoring procedures were maintained throughout the study.
3. Volunteers retained the right to withdraw from the study at any stage without penalty.
4. Confidentiality and anonymity of volunteer information were strictly maintained.
5. No severe physical or psychological risk was associated with participation.
6. Immediate medical support and first-aid facilities were available during experimentation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy adult volunteers participated

Exclusion Criteria:

• Sick and children