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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common menstrual disorders among women of reproductive age and is characterized by recurrent physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These symptoms may adversely affect academic performance, daily functioning, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life. Although previous studies have demonstrated that greater premenstrual symptom severity is associated with poorer quality of life, the psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Self-compassion, defined as a compassionate and nonjudgmental attitude toward oneself during times of difficulty, has been identified as a protective psychological factor associated with better emotional well-being and adaptive coping. However, its mediating role in the relationship between premenstrual symptom severity and premenstrual syndrome-specific quality of life has not been adequately investigated. This cross-sectional study aims to examine the association between premenstrual symptom severity and premenstrual syndrome-specific quality of life and to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion among nursing students who meet the study criteria for PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome Scale score ≥110).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nursing Students Meeting the Study Criteria for PMS | Female nursing students aged 18-25 years with Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) scores ≥110 who meet the study eligibility criteria. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic, Menstrual, and Lifestyle Characteristics | Sociodemographic, menstrual, reproductive, and lifestyle characteristics will be collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of 20 items. The questionnaire includes information on age, academic year, menstrual history, menstrual pain characteristics, premenstrual syndrome history, analgesic use, sleep characteristics, caffeine consumption, fast-food consumption, sugar intake, and other lifestyle-related factors. | Baseline |
| Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) | Premenstrual symptom severity will be assessed using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS). The PMSS is a 44-item self-report instrument consisting of nine subscales (depressive affect, anxiety, fatigue, irritability, depressive thoughts, pain, appetite changes, sleep changes, and bloating). Total scores range from 44 to 220, with higher scores indicating greater premenstrual symptom severity. In accordance with the original scale, a total PMSS score of 110 or higher, representing the established cut-off for premenstrual syndrome, will be used as an eligibility criterion for study enrollment. | Baseline |
| Premenstrual Syndrome-Specific Quality of Life Scale (PMS-QoL) | Premenstrual syndrome-specific quality of life will be assessed using the Premenstrual Syndrome-Specific Quality of Life Scale (PMS-QoL). The PMS-QoL is a 22-item self-report instrument consisting of three domains: physical well-being, emotional well-being, and social well-being. Higher scores indicate better premenstrual syndrome-specific quality of life. | Within approximately 1 week after baseline |
| Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | Self-compassion will be assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). The SCS is a 26-item self-report instrument comprising six dimensions: self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, and over-identification. Higher scores indicate greater self-compassion. | Within approximately 1 week after baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Female undergraduate nursing students aged 18-25 years with premenstrual syndrome, defined as a Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) score of 110 or higher, who meet the study eligibility criteria.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Güzin Ünlü Suvari, Ph. D. (c) | Contact | +902165004429 | guzin.unlu@acibadem.edu.tr |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acibadem University | Recruiting | Istanbul | Ataşehir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Neff, K. D. (2003). Development and validation of a scale to measure self- compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. | ||
| 35113436 | Background | Branecka-Wozniak D, Cymbaluk-Ploska A, Kurzawa R. The impact of premenstrual syndrome on women's quality of life - a myth or a fact? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Jan;26(2):598-609. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202201_27887. | |
| 31181584 |
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De-identified individual participant data will be available upon reasonable request to the corresponding investigator.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011293 | Premenstrual Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008599 | Menstruation Disturbances |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Background |
| Victor FF, Souza AI, Barreiros CDT, Barros JLN, Silva FACD, Ferreira ALCG. Quality of Life among University Students with Premenstrual Syndrome. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2019 May;41(5):312-317. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1688709. Epub 2019 Jun 10. |
| Background | American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2023). Premenstrual syndrome (PMS). https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome |
| Background | Guldu, E. T. C., & Canbay, F. C. (2025). Prevalence and risk factors of premenstrual syndrome in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 18(1), 190. |
| 41680718 | Background | Celik B, Tektas P. Self-compassion and premenstrual syndrome symptoms in women: a descriptive correlational study. BMC Womens Health. 2026 Feb 12;26(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12905-026-04338-w. |