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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Hospital Clinic of Barcelona | OTHER |
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Cardiovascular surgery is associated with high levels of anxiety, uncertainty, and postoperative complications. Educational interventions led by nurses may improve patients' psychological adaptation, self-care abilities, and recovery outcomes.
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led educational program designed to prepare and support patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Participants are randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving a structured perioperative educational program or a control group receiving usual care.
The primary outcome is anxiety. Secondary outcomes include posoperative complications, patient satisfaction, pain intensity, length of ICU Stay, length of Hospital Stay, Body Mass Index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and total Cholesterol. Participants are followed for six months after surgery.
Patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery frequently experience anxiety and uncertainty before surgery and during postoperative recovery. Adequate preparation and follow-up may improve psychological well-being, promote self-care, and facilitate recovery.
This single-center randomized controlled trial evaluates a nurse-led educational intervention for patients undergoing elective cardiovascular surgery at Hospital ClÃnic de Barcelona. The intervention includes structured education and follow-up throughout the perioperative period, focusing on preparation for surgery, postoperative recovery, self-care, symptom management, and lifestyle recommendations.
Participants are randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the usual care group. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, during hospitalization, and during follow-up up to six months after surgery.
The primary outcome is anxiety measured using validated assessment instruments. Secondary outcomes include self-efficacy, self-care capacity, health-related quality of life, postoperative complications, hospital readmissions, healthcare utilization, and patient satisfaction.
The study aims to determine whether a structured nurse-led educational program improves psychological, behavioral, and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Nurse-Led Educational Intervention |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Usual Care |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nurse-Led Educational Program | Behavioral | A structured nurse-led educational program delivered throughout the perioperative period for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. The intervention included preoperative education, preparation for surgery, postoperative recovery guidance, self-care education, symptom management, lifestyle recommendations, and follow-up support after hospital discharge. The program aimed to reduce anxiety and improve self-efficacy, self-care, and recovery outcomes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Anxiety assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Total HADS scores range from 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating greater emotional distress. | Baseline through 6 months after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Complications | Number and type of postoperative complications during hospitalization and within 6 months after cardiovascular surgery, including atrial fibrillation, hypotension, hypertension, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, surgical wound infection, delirium, and hospital readmission. | From surgery until 6 months post-surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anna Farrús Torrella, RN, MSc, PhD Candidate | Hospital ClÃnic de Barcelona/Universitat de Barcelona | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital ClÃnic de Barcelona | Barcelona | Barcelona | 08036 | Spain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D006266 | Health Education |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D000099060 | Adherence Interventions |
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
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Participants were randomly assigned to either a nurse-led educational intervention group or a usual care control group and followed for six months after cardiovascular surgery.
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| Pain Intensity | Pain assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS/EVN) during hospitalization and follow-up. Scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain), with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity. | Hospitalization through 6 months post-surgery |
| Patient Satisfaction | Patient satisfaction with perioperative education, preparation, support, and follow-up measured using a study-specific questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. | 6 months post-surgery |
| Length of ICU Stay | Number of days spent in the intensive care unit after cardiovascular surgery. From ICU admission after surgery until ICU discharge, during the index hospitalization. | From ICU admission after surgery until ICU discharge during the index hospitalization (up to 15 days after surgery). |
| Length of Hospital Stay | Total number of days hospitalized following cardiovascular surgery. From hospital admission (previous day of surgery) until hospital discharge. | From hospital admission until hospital discharge (up to 30 days after surgery) |
| Body Mass Index | Change in body mass index measured before surgery and at follow-up. | Baseline, hospital admission, and 6 months post-surgery |
| Blood Pressure | Change in blood pressure measured before surgery and at follow-up. | Baseline, hospital admission, and 6 months post-surgery |
| Fasting Blood Glucose | Change in fasting blood glucose measured before surgery and at follow-up. | Baseline, hospital admission, and 6 months post-surgery |
| Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) | Change in glycated hemoglobin levels measured before surgery and at follow-up. | Baseline, hospital admission, and 6 months post-surgery |
| Total Cholesterol | Change in total cholesterol levels measured before surgery and at follow-up. | Baseline, hospital admission, and 6 months post-surgery |
| D010342 |
| Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |