• OCT, OCTA, fundus photography, and fundus autofluorescence ( FAF ) were used to observe the fundus physiological indexes of normal subjects and SLE patients, to explore the differences of subclinical retinal damage in SLE patients with different degrees of disease activity, to summarize the changes of subclinical retina in SLE patients without organic retinopathy, and to evaluate its correlation with disease activity, which is of great significance for improving the prognosis of visual function and improving the quality of life in SLE patients.
• By evaluating the visual psychophysical indicators, mainly the visual function test results of different colors and different frequencies, reflecting the functional status of the retina and the degree and characteristics of functional impairment in SLE patients with different degrees of disease activity, in order to screen out the clinical markers of SLE fundus lesions, and provide a reliable reference for the prevention and early intervention of visual impairment.

Inclusion Criteria:

• the best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) of all cases must be ≥ 1.0 according to the international standard visual acuity char;
• intraocular pressure ( IOP ) in the normal range, namely 10 mmHg ≤ IOP ≤ 21 mmHg ;
• visual field meter examination center and peripheral visual field without defect ;
• no degeneration of fundus retina ;

Exclusion Criteria:

• obvious abnormality in cranial MRI ;
• history of glaucoma, cataract, retinal vascular disease, retinitis pigmentosa and other eye diseases ;
• history of refractive surgery such as corneal refractive surgery and cataract surgery ;
• other major disease history or systemic lesions affecting the eye ;
• history of disease affecting cognitive function, can understand and cooperate with the examination.

A total of 50 patients ( 100 eyes ) who met the inclusion criteria were collected from the patients diagnosed with SLE in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Among them, the diagnosis of SLE is based on the 2019 European Rheumatism Association ( EULAR ) / American Rheumatism Association ( ACR ) SLE diagnostic criteria. At the same time, 50 age-matched healthy adults ( 100 eyes ) were recruited as the normal control group.

Individual participant data will not be shared due to ethical and privacy considerations. Participants did not consent to data sharing in the informed consent form.