The goal of this clinical trial is to explore the impact of anxiety/depression on the efficacy of asthma controller medications and to develop a risk prediction model for asthma acute exacerbations in patients with asthma. It will also analyze the association between anxiety/depression severity and asthma severity. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does anxiety/depression affect the therapeutic effect of asthma controller medications (e.g., asthma control level)? Can a reliable risk prediction model for asthma acute exacerbations be established based on anxiety/depression and other relevant factors? Researchers will conduct a prospective observational study to collect and analyze data from participants, without additional interventions beyond standard clinical care, to explore the above research questions.

Participants will:

Complete baseline assessments, including demographic information collection, medical history review, lung function tests, anxiety/depression evaluations (via GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales), and provide biological samples (induced sputum, feces, blood) Undergo follow-up visits at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after baseline Report asthma symptoms, acute exacerbation events, and cooperate with required clinical checkups during follow-up

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2024 criteria.
• Male or female patients aged 14 years or older.
• Complete clinical data available.
• Newly diagnosed asthma or stable asthma.
• Receiving asthma controller medication.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of major lung diseases other than asthma, congestive heart failure, cor pulmonale, or recent cardiac or thoracic surgery.
• Incomplete medical records.
• Cognitive impairment or inability to complete psychological scale assessments.
• Clinically diagnosed acute or chronic mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
• Current use of antidepressant or anti-anxiety medications.
• Pregnancy or lactation.

The study population consists of asthma patients who meet all inclusion criteria of our research protocol. If a patient meets any of the exclusion criteria, they will not be included in the study scope.