This is a prospective cohort study looking to systematically evaluate the safety of conducting cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in this high-risk patient group with abandoned, fractured endocardial leads or surgically implanted permanent epicardial leads, by monitoring clinical outcome and device functionality (if active device present).

This is a prospective cohort study involving patients with abandoned, fractured endocardial leads, or surgically placed permanent epicardial leads with or without concurrent active cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), who need cardiac MRI for clinical indications. Participants will undergo a thorough pre-scan evaluation, including chest x-ray (CXR), device interrogation, lead integrity check, and risk assessment. The MRI will be performed using a standardized protocol designed to minimize risks, with continuous patient monitoring during the procedure. Post-scan device interrogation and patient evaluation will assess any immediate and delayed adverse effects.

This study is a descriptive case series, and no statistical comparisons with controls will be made. Descriptive statistics of continuous patient and CIED variables are expressed as the mean+/- SDs (standard deviations), or as medians with interquartile ranges (IOR). Categorical variables are expressed as numbers and percentages.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals 18 years and older
• Individuals with abandoned, fractured endocardial
• Individuals with permanent epicardial pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads

Exclusion Criteria:

Within 6 weeks post device implantation, unless more urgent clinical needs dictate an earlier scan;

• Pregnant individuals
• Individuals with severe claustrophobia
• Individuals with other known contraindications for MRI, as determined by study doctor