Exploring the Effects of Augmented Reality Educational Videos on Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization

Exploring the Effects of Augmented Reality Educational Videos on Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization

This study investigates the effectiveness of augmented reality educational videos in improving anxiety among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

The study participants were patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The control group received routine care, which included standard paper-based educational materials for cardiac catheterization. The experimental group received routine care in addition to viewing cardiac catheterization educational videos through an augmented reality (AR) application.

The Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A), the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A), and physiological indicators were used to assess participants' subjective and objective levels of anxiety. Assessments and measurements were conducted at three time points: before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and within 6 hours after completion of cardiac catheterization. Due to the characteristics of the HADS-A subscale, it was administered only at two time points: before the intervention and within 6 hours after completion of cardiac catheterization.

The main research questions addressed in this study are:

• What are the differences in anxiety levels among cardiac catheterization patients based on their basic characteristics?
• How effective is the AR intervention in reducing anxiety among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization?
• What are the effects of AR intervention on patients' anxiety levels (VAS-A, HADS-A) and physiological indicators before the intervention, after the intervention, and after the completion of the cardiac catheterization procedure?

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis requiring conventional cardiac catheterization, such as ischemic heart disease (ICD-10 code: I20-I25.0).
• Individuals aged 20-75 years with full capacity for civil conduction.
• Individuals eligible for AR (Ambient Neurological) experience and without a history of neurological disorders, such as visual or auditory impairments, or epilepsy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Emergency cardiac catheterization
• History of anxiety disorder, depression, or arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation)
• Regular use of heart rate suppressants, anti-anxiety medications, and sedatives
• Patients who have only undergone peripheral arteriovenous angiography