This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) training on nursing students' learning outcomes in phlebotomy skills. The study compares immersive VR-based simulation with traditional task trainer-based simulation.

A total sample of undergraduate nursing students is randomly assigned to either the experimental group (VR training) or the control group (task trainer training). The intervention focuses on improving self-efficacy, reducing anxiety, and enhancing clinical performance in venipuncture skills.

Outcomes are measured at three time points: pre-test, immediate post-test, and follow-up. Self-efficacy, anxiety, and clinical performance are assessed using validated scales.

The study seeks to determine whether immersive VR provides a more effective and engaging learning experience compared to conventional simulation methods in nursing education.

Inclusion Criteria:

Second-year nursing students who enrolled in the Adult Health Nursing I course, had no prior clinical experience in venipuncture, and were willing to participate in the study. Additional inclusion criteria included the ability to attend training sessions using both immersive virtual reality (VR) and a part-task trainer simulation and commitment to completing all training and assessment sessions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

if they had previous advanced or extensive practical experience in venipuncture or had participated in external training programs related to the same skill. Additional exclusion criteria included the presence of physical or psychological conditions that could interfere with participation or performance during training, failure to attend scheduled training sessions, incomplete participation in the study procedures, or withdrawal of consent.