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This study is planned as a single-center randomized single blinded study and includes patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolitotomy.The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of ultrasound guided erector spinal plane block on postoperative analgesia in percutaneous nephrolitotomy. Primary outcome is the total 24 hour morphine consumption.
Adult patients aged 18-65 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II scheduled for elective PCNL were allocated to receive either a unilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB at the T9 level with 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine followed by postoperative IV morphine PCA (Group ESPB ) or postoperative IV morphine PCA alone (Group C). 24 hour morphine consumption, numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores, rescue analgesic requirements, sedation scores, opioid-related adverse effects, hospital stay, chronic pain, patient and surgeon satisfaction are recorded.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group erector spinae plane block (Group ESPB) | Active Comparator | Patients received erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia |
|
| Group Control (Group C) | Active Comparator | Patients received only intravenous analgesia |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erector Spinae Plane Block | Procedure | Erector spinae plane block is applied in longitudinal plane at T9 level. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total 24-hour morphine consumption | Total 24-hour intravenous morphine consumption via patient controlled analgesia device | 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain assessment | Pain assessment is evaluated using numeric rating scale (NRS 0-10; 0: no pain, 10: the worst pain imaginable) | 24 hours |
| Additional analgesic requirement | If the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score exceeded 4, rescue analgesia consisted of additional morphine 0.02 mg/kg, plus intravenous paracetamol 1 g. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Momunat Dadashova, MD | Liv Hospital Vadi Istanbul | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine | Istanbul | Fatih | 34093 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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Randomized, prospective
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| Intravenous analgesia | Procedure | Inravenous morphine is administered via patient controlled analgesia device. |
|
| 24 hours |
| Postoperative nausea and vomiting | Number of patients experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting . | 24 hours |
| Patient satisfaction | Patient satisfaction is questioned using Likert scale:1-3 (1: dissatisfied, 2: neutral, 3: satisfied) | Up to 24 hours |
| Surgeon satisfaction | Surgeon satisfaction is questioned using Likert scale:1-3 (1: dissatisfied, 2: neutral, 3: satisfied) | Up to 24 hours |
| First rescue analgesic time | The first time patient required rescue analgesic | 24 hours |
| Length of hospital stay | Length of hospital stay | Up to 1 week |
| Chronic pain | Chronic pain is evaluated using NRS scores | 3 months |
| Pruritus | The number of patients experienced pruritus | 24 hours |
| Chronic pain | Chronic pain is evaluated using DN4 questionnaire | 3 months |